6 Styles of Arabic Calligraphy | Naqsh School of Arts
The basis of Islamic calligraphy is the letters of the
Quran. Since these letters are the word of Allah, they are subtle, elegant, and
unique. This situation has been a source of inspiration and enthusiasm for the
calligraphers who practice it.
Islamic Arabic Calligraphy:
The calligrapher sits down to write, has complete physical
and psychological control over the quill or pen, and writes his lines with sure
strokes. It sometimes took years of practice to master this art.
The works of a master calligrapher were everywhere admired,
preserved, considered precious, and bought at exorbitant prices by collectors.
Kufi calligraphy, which emerged in the 7th century as the writing of the Quran,
is an angular style of writing and is the oldest known type of writing. It is
named after the Iraqi city of Kufa.
The Kufic writing style quickly spread wherever Islam spread
at this time and became a script accepted by everyone.
Inscriptions prepared in this way were then engraved on
stone for buildings, embroidered in materials with knitting or embroidery as
ornaments.
The Kufic style of writing retained its characteristic of
being the writing of the Quran until the 12th century. However, later, with the
spread of Islam to other countries and regions, new influences and directions
came into play when the languages of these regions adopted the Quranic script
and letters.
As long as the Quran was written on parchment, the Kufic
script remained in place; however, after the 12th century, when the paper was
increasingly used, instead of Kufic calligraphy as the writing of the Quran,
Neshi, Muhakkak, and Reyhani, who adhered to the rules of Vizier Ibn-i Mukla,
began to be used in the Quran.
In the 13th century, writing styles developed with the use
of the Talik line in Iran and have come down to the present day. Many beautiful
works have been created using Islamic calligraphy.
Arabic calligraphy styles:
Based on Islamic calligraphy, there are letters and the way
these letters are written. There are basically six types of calligraphy: Kufi,
Thuluth, Nesih, Rika, Reyhani, and Tevki. These are called Aklam-i Sitte.
1- Kufi calligraphy:
All letters are angular. It is considered the oldest in Islamic calligraphy. It is straight, hard, and angular handwriting. It is named after the Iraqi city of Kufa.
2- Calligraphy of Thuluth:
Thuluth literally means one-third. Letters written in Thuluth are written two-thirds and one-third round from the original letter. This calligraphy began to be written by the first vizier Ibn-i Mukla. This line has a soft look compared to the Reyhani line. In general, the thuluth style is common in mosques, caravanserais, tombstones, madrasa inscriptions, and ornamental plaques. When it comes to Arabic calligraphy, Thuluth calligraphy is widely used.
3- Naskh Calligraphy:
Naskh literally means to eliminate. It is believed that he received this name because he abolished the layout of other scripts, especially the Kufic line. This is the small form of Thuluth calligraphy. Quran-Karim Mushafs are usually written in Naskh.
4- Rika Calligraphy:
Rika was mainly used by the Ottoman Turks. Rika is a line
written in the thuluth style like the Tawki line but adheres to its rules. It
literally means "little page". It is the most widely used handwriting
format. It can be written in series. The prayers at the end of the pages of the
Quran are used in foundation works and icazetnames. Learn Allah Calligraphy Arabic from the best and most creative school of arts in Pakistan.
5- Reyhani Calligraphy:
The relationship between thuluth and naskh is found between Muhakkak and reyhani. The horizontal parts of the naskh script are more prone and longer, and since they are large, they could not stand against the naskh. It was used in writing the Quran.
6- Tawqi Calligraphy:
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